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Background: India now has highest number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus globally and speedy rise of the incidence of obesity in children is the major reason for increasing insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome. But proportion for PCOD is unknown in community. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PCOD among students in Tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among students of aged 16-24 years in a teaching hospital in Kerala. Sample sizes of 256 students were randomly selected from various batches of medical and paramedical courses. Occurrence of hyper androgenic features and menstrual irregularities were evaluated, and they were physically examined. The diagnosis of PCOS was made based on Rotterdam’s criteria. Epi-info 7 was used for analysis.Results: Seventy-five students (30%) met the criteria to be diagnosed as polycystic ovarian syndrome. Twenty students (10%) had a history of thyroid dysfunction. The other clinical features of hyperandrogenism were like acne (25%), oily skin (13.5%), and increased hair growth (7%), male pattern thinning of hair (9.75%).Conclusions: PCOD can be assumed of as a forerunner syndrome that, if screened for, can help in early identification of risk of highly morbid conditions, in adolescent girls.
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Background: In pregnancy Anaemia and Depression is an important factor associated with an increased risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality, poor pregnancy outcomes, and impaired cognitive development. To assess prevalence and factors associated with anemia and Depression among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.Methods: A Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 pregnant women to at Rural Medical college hospital from June to August 2018. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were collected using a Pretested structured questionnaire by interview and review of medical records. Binary Logistic regression analysis had been used to check for association between dependent and independent variables in all cases. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of anemia was found to be11.6% (95 %CI; 7.8%-14.8%) and Depression was 8.6% Pregnant women in the second and third trimester [AOR (95% CI), 8.31 (1.24-55.45), and P=0.029] were more likely to be anemic when compared to pregnant women in their first trimester. Pregnant women who did not receive iron/folic acid supplementation [AOR (95%CI),4.03(1.49 10.92), and P=0.01] were more likely to be anemic when compared to pregnant to women who did take supplementations.Conclusions: In this study the prevalence of anemia and Depression in pregnancy was low compared to the findings of others. Gestational age (trimester) and iron/folic acid supplementation were statistically associated with anemia.
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Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is used in neurology practice for primary and secondary stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). Since, there are lacunae of literature on the quality of anticoagulation in neurological patients this study was planned. Objective: To Evaluate the quality of oral anticoagulation therapy in neurology patients. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients attending tertiary care neurology OPD who were prescribed oral anticoagulant (OAC). Consecutive sampling technique was used. Their international normalized ratio (INR) values were prospectively observed and the earlier INR values of the patients who were already on OAC were retrospectively scrutinized. The level of anticoagulation, factors intrusive with OAC and complications were noted. Results: The results were based on 70 patients with median age 45 year. Fifty patients received OAC for secondary stroke prevention, 16 for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and four for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Of the 1280 INR reports, 500 (39.5%) reports were in the therapeutic range, 496 (38.5%) were below and 280 (21.9%) were above the therapeutic level. Stable INR was obtained in 30 (42.86%) patients only. The overall complication rate was 16.4 per 100 person-years. Conclusions: In the present study, it was concluded that stable therapeutic INR is tough to maintain in neurological patients. Optimal modification of diet, drug and dose of oral anticoagulant may support in stabilization of INR.
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Background: Patients with systolic heart failure have generally been excluded from statin trials. Acute coronary events are uncommon in this population, and statins have theoretical risks in these patients. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Rosuvastatin in patient of Systolic Heart Failure. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 500 patients of at least 60 years of age with New York Heart Association class II, III, or IV ischemic, systolic heart failure. The patients were randomly allocated to accept 10 mg of rosuvastatin or placebo per day. The primary composite outcome was death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Epi-info was used for analysis. Results: As compared with the placebo group, patients in the rosuvastatin group had decreased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001) and of high-sensitivity C-reactive (P<0.001). During a median follow-up of 30 months, the primary outcome occurred in 500 patients in the rosuvastatin group and 700 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83 to 1.02; P = 0.12. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the coronary outcome or death from cardiovascular causes. No excessive episodes of muscle-related or other adverse events occurred in the rosuvastatin group. Conclusions: Rosuvastatin did not reduce the primary outcome or the number of deaths from any cause in older patients with systolic heart failure, although the drug did reduce the number of cardiovascular hospitalizations.